Public health and the environment world health organization. With capacities ranging from 600 to 25,000 m 3 day per unit, the med units produce a reliable, lowcost stream of high purity water for power plants and. In the plate channels, seawater is first evaporated and then condensed into pure distillate. Three stage standalone solar thermal multi effect desalination med pilot plant for remote and arid rural regions of sultanate of oman using fixed focus type scheffler concentrator producing 100 litres per. Modeling and simulation conference paper pdf available july 2017 with 8,245 reads how we measure reads.
The paper describes the feasibility study results of a combined power and desalination plant incorporating a horizontal fallingfilm type lowtemperature multi effect distiller med, hrsg, and a. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil. Multieffect distillation med the med process has been used since the late 1950s and early 1960s. Multipleeffect distillation med is the low temperature thermal process of obtaining fresh water by recovering the vapour of boiling sea water in a sequence of vessels, called effects each maintained. The latent heat of condensation of water is efficiently recovered and repeatedly recycled giving 1020 fold greater output. Saltwater is desalinated to produce water suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Multistage flash produce about 60% of the worlds desalinated water 4, 5. The worlds first landbased desalination plant, a multipleeffect distillation med process plant that had a capacity of 60 m 3 day, was installed on curacao, netherlands antilles, in 1928. The design of a multipleeffect distillation med system is presented, and the results for partial load operation of a singleeffect distillation unit are presented. Using desalination technologies for water treatment. Some of the water evaporates, and this steam flows into the tubes of.
Ppt desalination powerpoint presentation free to download. Thermal analysis of a multi effect distillation plant powered by a. Desalination technologies phase change technologies solar still multi effect distillation med multi stage flash msf membrane based technologies reverse osmosis ro electrodialysis. The med is designed to be driven by solar energy, and thus the dynamic performance and partial load operation production are of interest. The two dominating systems that have evolved are multi stage flash msf and multiple effect. The economical and technological advantages over msf multi stage flash aquaswiss ag has acquired the worlds leading technology in desalination more than a year.
Review of current knowledge 3 1 introduction without fresh water no society can function. It is also applied in chemical engineering and other industries for evaporation, distillation, crystallization, etc. More generally, desalination refers to the removal of salts and minerals from a target substance, as in soil desalination, which is an issue for agriculture. The gain output ratio of the system was increased more than 10% than seveneffect multieffect distillation thermal vapor compression desalination process published in former literature. Pdf features of multieffect evaporation desalination. Thermal desalination multieffectdistillation med solutions for seawater ides med units are the industrys most reliable, robust and costefficient seawater desalination solutions. The most efficient, economical and easytooperate thermal desalination process med multipleeffect distillation med is the low temperature thermal process of obtaining fresh water by recovering the vapour of boiling sea water in a sequence of vessels, called effects each maintained at a lower temperature than the last. Simulation solutions multiple effect desalination operator training simulator. There are two major types of desalination technologies around the world, namely membrane desalination and thermal desalination. In med, each effect is maintained at a decreasing level of pressure and. May 17, 2017 simulation solutions multiple effect desalination operator training simulator. The main components of this novel thermal hybrid system are 1 multi effect distillation med system, 2 adsorption desalination ad cycle, and 3 auxiliary equipments. In 2007, the total capacity of installed seawater desalination plants worldwide was about 30 million m3d of which about 85 % is still in operation. In 2007, the total capacity of installed seawater desalination plants worldwide was.
Features of multieffect evaporation desalination plants. One solution for fresh water provision is sea water desalination using solar thermal energy. The multiple effect distillation process consists of a series of evaporation and condensation chambers called effects 1. This total capacity is continuously increasing with a very rapid trend. The main components of this novel thermal hybrid system are 1 multieffect distillation med system, 2 adsorption desalination ad cycle, and 3 auxiliary equipments. Ide thermal desalination solutions multieffect distillation. Optimization of multieffect evaporation desalination plants paula druetta, pio aguirre, sergio mussati. This paper describes the coupling of a multi effect distillation med. Multi effect distillation med o it is adopted from chemical industry to desalination in 1900 o first med plant was built in 1930 in saudi arabia o med is thermodynamically efficient process compared to.
The multieffect distillation med is one of desalination technologies. However, it is very useful to make an analysis of this system since it represents the basis for the developed multieffect systems. The first group includes the widely applied commercial methods of multi stage flash distillation msf and multiple effect distillation med. Still under development is thermal vapor compression distillation tvc which is a promising process with. Environmental impact cost analysis of multistage flash.
Proven expertise leading technology high efficiency. The multi stage flash distillation is a process where incoming seawater is pumped to a higher pressure and heated to near boiling. Multistage flash msf evaporation, which is still the most commonly used desalination technique, and multieffect distillation med, with a variation as vapor, thermal or mechanical compression, where the differences are in energy source and recovery awerbuch, 1997. Each effect is fitted with heat transfer surfaces based on plates a patented.
This is a proven method and has been in service for the last three decades. The gain output ratio of the system was increased more than 10% than seven effect multi effect distillation thermal vapor compression desalination process published in former literature. Msf plants, due to factors such as cost and apparent high efficiency, pushed out med systems in the sixties, and only small size med plants were built. Features of multi effect evaporation desalination plants. Adsorption cycle and its hybrid with multieffect desalination. Optimization of multieffect evaporation desalination. Oversizing the heat transfer surface area, scale mitigation measures, cleaning methods as well as production losses during plant shutdown for cleaning create considerable capital, operating, and maintenance costs. Desalination by multi stage flash distillation is the commonly used method to produce fresh water from sea water. Most of the existing desalination plants use this method. Evaluation of a multipleeffect distillation unit under. Advanced multieffect solar desalination technology. Multistage flash msf evaporation, which is still the most commonly used desalination technique, and multieffect distillation med, with a variation as. The design of a multiple effect distillation med system is presented, and the results for partial load operation of a single effect distillation unit are presented.
It is a myth that, sea water desalination is exorbitantly expensive. Multiple effect distillation or multi effect distillation med is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. In an msf distillation sea water vaporisation takes place at low temperatures in vacuum. Distillation methods used in indirect solar desalination plants are multi stage flash msf and multi effect distillation med. The paper describes the feasibility study results of a combined power and desalination plant incorporating a horizontal fallingfilm type lowtemperature multieffect distiller med, hrsg, and a. Efficient, costeffective multieffect distillation med solutions ides med.
Pdf brine heat recovery unit for multi effect desalination. Multiple effect distillation an overview sciencedirect topics. Multipleeffect distillation or multi effect distillation med is a distillation process often used for sea water desalination. The worlds most advanced desalination technology the med utilizes the advanced technologies and knowhow developed by ide over the past 45 years to achieve exceptional thermal efficiency and reliability. Figure 1 schematic of msf process multieffect distillation multieffect distillation also known as effects. In a large multi effect distillation plant, some tiny thermodynamic losses might have a great influence to the performance and design parameters.
In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto them. Library of congress catalog card number 86600507 for sale by the superintendent of documents u. Multiple effect distillation an overview sciencedirect. Oversizing the heat transfer surface area, scale mitigation measures, cleaning. Different desalination technologies perform most economically in different ranges of salinity, in part because some methods of desalination require greater. Multiple effect distillation of seawater using solar energy the case of abu dhabi solar desalination plant ali m. Multi effect plate evaporator the use of an optimized pump configuration and the application of frequency controlled motor on the sea water pump. Us3489652a desalination process by multieffect,multistage. Low grade heat driven multieffect distillation and desalination describes the development of advanced multieffect evaporation technologies that are driven by low grade sensible heat, including process. Like msf, the number of effects varies based on the engineering of the system. The first group includes the widely applied commercial methods of multistage flash distillation msf and.
Multi effect distillation occurs in a series of vessels effects and uses the principles of evaporation and condensation at reduced ambient pressure. Concentrating solar power and desalination plants engineering and economics of coupling multieffect distillation and solar plants. Multiple effect distillation of seawater water using solar. Thermoeconomic analysis and optimization of a vacuum multi. Desalination is a process that takes away mineral components from saline water. The worlds most advanced desalination technology the med utilizes the advanced technologies and knowhow developed by ide. Each effect is fitted with heat transfer surfaces based on plates a patented proprietary design of alfa laval desalt. Distillation methods used in indirect solar desalination plants are multistage flash msf and multieffect distillation med. With its modular design, this highly reliable mep evaporator is easy to configure to the requirements of any vessel, diesel power plant. Pdf multi effect desalination and adsorption desalination medad. Multiple effect distillation med is the low temperature thermal process of obtaining fresh water by recovering the vapour of boiling sea water in a sequence of vessels, called effects each maintained at a lower temperature than the last. Water desalination using multistage flash distillation. In each stage the feed water is heated by steam in tubes, usually by spraying saline water onto th. Thermal desalination processes and economics day 1 21.
Vacuum multi effect membrane distillation is an advanced system that possesses the features and merits of vacuum membrane distillation and multi effect distillation. Msf plants, due to factors such as cost and apparent high. In this hybridization system, the last stage of the med is connected to adsorption beds of ad cycle for the direct vapor communication to adsorption beds. Fundamentals of multiple effect evaporation desalination. Distillation is the oldest and most commonly used method of desalination. The worlds first landbased desalination plant, a multipleeffect distillation med process plant that. Government printing office, washington, dc 204029325. Conventional water desalination uses lowtemperature heat to purify seawater. It has low operating pressure and temperature, high levels of nonvolatile rejection and high energy efficiency. Multieffect plate evaporator the use of an optimized pump configuration and the application of frequency controlled motor on the sea water pump. In med, a series of evaporator effects produce water at progressively lower pressures. Multistage flash distillation is one of the most popular methods of evaporating seawater to obtain freshwater, both on land and at sea in all types of ships. Vacuum multieffect membrane distillation is an advanced system that possesses the features and merits of vacuum membrane distillation and multieffect distillation.
Two operating modes are considered in the analysis, with and without the use of a flow. The principal desalination processes are based either on distillation or on membrane separation. Multi stage flash msf evaporation, which is still the most commonly used desalination technique, and multieffect distillation med, with a variation as vapor, thermal or mechanical compression, where the differences are in energy source and recovery awerbuch, 1997. Congress, office of technology assessment, using desalinationtechnologies for water treatment, otabpo46 washington, dc. Seawater desalination is the most preferred technology regarding the feed water type, mainly because of its availability. Pdf as third desalination technology by global capacity and current source of 7 % of worldwidedesalinated water, multiple effect distillation. Multi effect distillation med the med process has been used since the late 1950s and early 1960s. Low grade heat driven multi effect distillation and desalination describes the development of advanced multi effect evaporation technologies that are driven by low grade sensible heat, including process waste heat in refineries, heat rejection from diesel generators or microturbines, and solar and geothermal energy. Pdf this paper presents an advanced desalination cycle that hybridizes a conventional multieffect distillation med and an emerging yet. Multieffect distillation occurs in a series of vessels effects and uses the principles of evaporation. Desalination by multistage flash distillation is the commonly used method to produce fresh water from sea water. Seawater desalination technologies research office legislative council secretariat fs071415 1.
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