Symptoms become obvious at flowering time, when the fungus causes spore formation and phyllody in the inflorescences. It can be used for detecting amino acid changes for positioned snps as well as to cross results derived from processing with. As many of you are already aware, fungal genome websites at the broad institute are undergoing a major transition. Supporting online material materials and methods strains and growth conditions s. Phytopathological papers, commonwealth mycological institute, 36 pp. Complex networks have been successfully applied to the characterization and modeling of complex systems in several distinct areas of biological sciences. Sporisorium reilianum showed intracellular xylanolytic activity an intracellular xylanase from s. Complete genome sequence of sporisorium scitamineum and.
Three sequencing runs yielded 522 mb of wholegenome sequencing data and 240 mb of pairedend data to generate an average genome coverage of 28 x. The inducible system was tunable by adjusting the levels of inducers, carbon source and nitrogen source. As a prelude to studying the molecular basis of these differences, we have characterized the mating type loci of s. Head smut is not obvious until the tassels and ears emerge. Comparison of complex networks and treebased methods of. These resources were originally developed in support of sequencing projects, many of which have longsince been completed. Pdf sporisorium reilianum infection changes inflorescence and. Using microscopy, we describe the development of the fungus during its saprophytic. Included here are protein sequences from sporisorium reilianum, melanopsichium pennsylvanicum, ustilago hordei, ustilago bromivora, sporisorium scitamineum and pseudozyma aphidis. Positively selected effector genes and their contribution to virulence. A comparative genomics study with the four smut fungi related to t. Most of the members of ustilaginaceae are parasitic to poales and cyperales, and some are infecting. Infection is initiated by soilborne spores that germinate and directly penetrate emerging seedlings and young plants.
Gene loss rather than gene gain is associated with a host. Symptoms become obvious at flowering time, when the fungus causes spore formation and phyllody in. Offers a method to study functional impact of single nucleotide polymorphisms snps. The biotrophic maize head smut fungus sporisorium reilianum is a close relative of. Sporisorium sorghi is a species of fungus in the ustilaginaceae family. Sugarcane smut can cause losses in cane yield and sugar content that range from 30% to total crop failure. This fungus has the potential to infect all sugarcane species unless a species is resistant to biotrophic fungal pathogens. Sporisorium reilianum and ustilago maydis are two closely related smut fungi, which both. Use the browse button to upload a file from your local disk. Sporisorium reilianum possesses a pool of effector proteins that. Effect of water potential on the development of an haploid.
Positively selected effector genes and their contribution. Head smut of maize, which is caused by sporisorium reilianum f. Genome sequencing of sporisorium scitamineum provides. In this study, 69 chickpea genotypes were sequenced using whole genome resequencing wgrs methods. Infection is systemic, and the mycelium of the fungus occupies areas near the apical meristem of its host. Genome analysis identified novel candidate genes for. General information about sporisorium scitamineum ustisc eppo global database. Initial infections occur on roots of young seedlings. Artificial inoculation of maize seeds with sporisorium reilianum f.
This study provides the complete sequence of individual chromosomes of s. This soil borne smut fungus has two formae speciales. Frontiers molecular variation of the phytopathogenic. The biotrophic fungus sporisorium reilianum causes head smut of maize zea mays after systemic plant colonization. Sporisorium reilianum causes the diseases maize head smut and sorghum head smut. Yass genomic dna local alignment similarity search tool. Sporisorium reilianum strain srz2 maize head smut fungus. Characterization of apb73, a virulence factor important. Frontiers genome analysis identified novel candidate genes. Little information is available concerning the development of the fungus in soil, although this saprophytic phase is an important part of the life cycle. Even though sugarcane smut is worldwide in distribution, the existence of different s. A list of fungi and plant parasitic bacteria, viruses and nematodes in fiji. Degradation of the plant defence hormone salicylic acid by.
Pedant ustilago maydis database, the pedant ustilago hordei database, the pedant ustilago bromivora database, the pedant sporisorium reilianum database and the pedant sporisorium scitamineum database. Sporisorium reilianum is a biotrophic maize zea mays pathogen of. These were used for multiple sequence alignment with the program. Here, we used the genomes of sporisorium reilianum f. The occurrence of sugarcane smut ustilago scitaminea syd. Deltablast constructs a pssm using the results of a conserved domain database search and searches a sequence database.
Nov 19, 2014 sugarcane smut can cause losses in cane yield and sugar content that range from 30% to total crop failure. Suppressor of apical dominance1 of sporisorium reilianum. Stenocarpella maydis and sporisorium reilianum are phytopathogenic fungi that cause white rot in corn cob and head smut in maize zea mays l. Please note that this copy of the genome is not maintained by the author and is therefore not automatically updated. Multicellular growth of the basidiomycota phytopathogen.
Head smut caused by sporisorium reilianum is found in both maize and. The nucleic acid database is a web portal that provides access to information about 3d nucleic acid structures and their complexes. The transition from a phytopathogenic smut ancestor to an. Genome features, including hallmarks of pathogenicity, are. The file may contain a single sequence or a list of sequences. Pdf sporisorium reilianum infection changes inflorescence. Sporisorium reilianum and ustilago maydis are two closely related smut fungi, which both infect maize but differ fundamentally in their mode of plant invasion and site of symptom development. The application does not require the use of a reference genome. Pdf sporisorium reilianum is a biotrophic maize zea mays pathogen of increasing economic. Comparative analysis of the maize smut fungi ustilago maydis and. Model selection was performed with the testnh software, which contains two programs. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of the resistance to head smut in maize, a microarray containing. Sporisorium reilianum is a biotrophic maize zea mays pathogen of increasing economic importance.
The intron 1containing dao1 promoters coupled with a dao1 null mutant makes an efficient and tight damino acidinducible gene expression system in. Statistical analysis and graphical outputs were performed using graphpad prism version 6. The insights from the three sequenced genomes of the biotrophic fungal plant pathogens, ustilago maydis 6 and sporisorium reilianum 7 in maize and ustilago hordei 8 in barley, have highlighted the power of comparative genomics of closely related species for identification of virulence determinants and will no doubt facilitate the. Oct 18, 2018 a comparative genomics study with the four smut fungi related to t. Sporisorium scitamineum is a biotrophic fungus responsible for the sugarcane smut, a worldwide spread disease. Engineering an efficient and tight d amino acidinducible. Sporisorium scitamineum is the fungus that causes sugarcane smut. Bensch westerdijk fungal biodiversity institute, uppsalalaan 8, utrecht, the netherlands botanische staatssammlung munchen, menzinger stra. Mar 17, 2017 ascochyta blight ab is a fungal disease that can significantly reduce chickpea production in australia and other regions of the world.
Melanopsichium pennsylvanicum is a nonobligate biotrophic pathogen and is responsible for gall smut of persicaria species hirschhorn 1941, forming sturdy lobeshaped smut galls on the host plant, like other melanopsichium species mcalpine 1910. Comparenicus for oracle belongs to development tools. Nov, 2019 interestingly, in this work, we describe the multicellular development in the model fungus s. Nevertheless, their utilization in phylogenetic analysis still needs to be widely tested, using different molecular data sets and taxonomic groups, and, also, by comparing complex networks approach to current methods in phylogenetic.
Primers were designed based on the sporisorium reilianum srz2. Blastx search protein databases using a translated nucleotide query. They included 48 australian varieties differing in their resistance ranking to ab, 16 advanced breeding lines from the australian chickpea breeding program. In most sugarcanegrowing countries of the world, strict quarantine regulations govern the importation of sugarcane vegetative propagation materials or true seed. To explore the evolutionary patterns resulting from host adaptation after this huge host jump, the genome of me.
Study of the intracellular xylanolytic activity of the. The infection is systemic, and disease symptoms become apparent only after the onset of flower development when the fungal sori replace male or female inflorescences. At maturity teliospores can be found in the white sori of the infected heads of. In this chapter the characteristics of the above diseases, such as their life cycle, pathogenicity factors, control methods, as well as the biotechnological potential of. This study was designed to analyze the genetic diversity of this phytopathogen. Salicylic acid sa is a key plant defence hormone which plays an important role in local and systemic defence responses against biotrophic pathogens like the smut fungus ustilago maydis. General information about sphacelotheca reiliana sphtre name authority. The xylanase intracellular is an isoform of the xylanase extracellular srxl1. The pathogen develops systemically and is found on ear and tassel tissues as the host plant matures. Pseudozyma flocculosa is related to the model plant pathogen ustilago maydis yet is not a phytopathogen but rather a biocontrol agent of powdery mildews. This disease, that starts the infection process by invading the roots during the early seedling stage, is responsible for important crop losses. Ascochyta blight ab is a fungal disease that can significantly reduce chickpea production in australia and other regions of the world. Sporisorium reilianum ensembl genomes 46 ensembl fungi. Taxonomy sporisorium reilianum strain srz2 maize head smut fungus.
Comparenicus for oracle free version download for pc. Sporisorium reilianum causes head smut of cultivated sorghum and maize. One of the most severely affected regions in mexico is valle del mezquital in the state of hidalgo, a high production zone with irrigated agriculture that produces over 50% of maize supplies in the state. Sporisorium reilianum showed intracellular xylanolytic activity. Sporisorium reilianum and ustilago maydis are two closely related smut fungi. Our builtin antivirus scanned this download and rated it as 100% safe. The assembly yielded 1583 contigs from which 1187 were oriented and ordered into 37 scaffolds to which three contigs larger. Sporisorium reilianum infection changes inflorescence and. It contains derived geometric data, classifications of structures and motifs, standards for describing nucleic acid features, as well as tools and software for the analysis of nucleic acids.
The core effector cce1 is required for early infection of. Positively selected effector genes and their contribution to. Values were calculated using amino acid sequences and feeding them into the software. A novel glycosylphosphatidylinositolanchored glycoside. The biotrophic maize head smut fungus sporisorium reilianum is a. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of the resistance to head smut in maize, a microarray containing 14,850 probes was used to monitor the gene expression profiles between a disease resistant near isogenic line nil and a highly susceptible inbred. It contains derived geometric data, classifications of structures and motifs, standards for describing nucleic acid features, as well as tools and software. This soilborne pathogen infects the host plant at the seedling stage, supposedly through the roots. Analysis of gene expression profiles in response to.
The data may be either a list of database accession numbers, ncbi gi numbers, or sequences in fasta format. Floral transition in maize infected with sporisorium. Molecular variation of the phytopathogenic fungus sporisorium. We observed that sporisorium reilianum, a basidiomycota cereal pathogen that at neutral ph grows with a yeastlike morphology during its saprophytic haploid stage, when incubated at acid ph grew in the form of multicellular clusters. Inhibition of the spread of endophytic sporisorium reilianum renders. This disease, that starts the infection process by invading the roots during the early seedling stage. Sporisorium reilianum is noted to have a sexual stage in its disease cycle similar to that of ustilago maydis.
The natural phenolic compound salicylic acid sa is an important signalling molecule in plants involved in flowering, thermogenesis, oxidative stress protection, and most prominently in plant defence responses against biotrophic pathogens wildermuth et al. Sporisorium reilianum causes head smut in maize and sorghum 41, 42. The pathogenic mechanisms of tilletia horrida as revealed by. Head smut, caused by the fungal pathogen sporisorium reilianum, poses a. Sporisorium scitamineum ustiscoverview eppo global database. Interestingly, in this work, we describe the multicellular development in the model fungus s. The genome sequence and gene predictions of sporisorium reilianum were not determined by the jgi, but were downloaded from ncbi and have been published jan schirawski et al, 2010. K2rt is a package intending to postprocess kissplice software results by allowing users to investigate orphan snps. It is a plant pathogen, causing covered smut of sorghum spp. Sporisorium reilianum is the causal agent of maize head smut. They included 48 australian varieties differing in their resistance ranking to ab, 16 advanced breeding lines from the australian chickpea. Symptoms include the formation of multiple female inflorescences at subapical nodes of the stalk because of loss of apical dominance. Head smut in maize zea mays is a systemic disease caused by the phytopathogenic fungus sporisorium reilianum. The pathogenic mechanisms of tilletia horrida as revealed.
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